< CONTENTS >

KEY TERMS 

MAP 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

1 BACKGROUND 

  1.1 GEOGRAPHY 

  1.2 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN PAKISTAN 

  1.3 DEMOGRAPHY 

  1.4 AT-RISK GROUPS AND CLIMATE DISASTERS 

  FLOODING 

  EXTREME HEAT 

2 INVISIBLE DEATHS 

  2.1 NO DATA 

  2.2 FLOODING DEATHS 

  DOWNSTREAM 

  UPSTREAM 

  DEATHS IN THE COMMUNITY 

  2.3 HEATWAVES 

  URBAN CENTRES  

  RURAL AREAS 

3 HEALTHCARE BREAKDOWN 

  3.1 HOSPITALS INACCESSIBLE, OVERWHELMED 

  ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE DURING FLOODING 

  ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE DURING HEATWAVES 

  3.2 STRUCTURAL GAPS IN PAKISTAN’S HEALTH SYSTEM 

  INADEQUATE FUNDING & STAFFING 

  UNBEARABLE COSTS 

  DISCRIMINATION & EXCLUSION OF OLDER PEOPLE 

4 EMERGENCY RESPONSES 

  4.1 FLOODS: “A SUDDEN ATTACK” 

  EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS 

  EVACUATIONS 

  DELAYED HUMANITARIAN AID 

  4.2 HEATWAVES 

  4.3 STRUCTURAL GAPS 

  4.4 SECURITY & RESTRICTIONS ON AID 

  4.5 WEAK INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE 

5 ECONOMIC COLLAPSE 

  5.1 LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD 

  FLOODS: DESTROYED CROPS, LIVESTOCK 

  HEATWAVES: DANGEROUS WORKING CONDITIONS 

  5.2 INADEQUATE SOCIAL PROTECTION 

  5.3 DELAYED HOUSING COMPENSATION 

  5.4 INTERRUPTED EDUCATION 

6 LEGAL ANALYSIS 

  6.1 CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN RIGHTS 

  ALL STATES 

  PAKISTAN’S OBLIGATIONS 

  6.2 AT-RISK GROUPS AND CLIMATE EMERGENCIES 

  CHILDREN 

  OLDER PEOPLE 

7 RECOMMENDATIONS 

APPENDIX  

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Title : Uncounted―Invisible Deaths of Older People and Children During Climate Disasters in Pakistan

Publication : Amnesty International, 2025 May (142 pages)

​URL : https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa33/9007/2025/en/